Protection against human metapneumovirus (hMPV) conveyed by influenza virus vectors carrying multiple epitope antigens of hMPV / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the immune responses and protection against human metapneumovirus (hMPV) conveyed by influenza virus vectors carrying multiple epitope antigens of hMPV.@*Methods@#Two recombinant influenza viruses (rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th) carrying hMPV multi-epitope gene segments in NS gene were generated by reverse genetic techniques of eight-plasmid system. BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally with rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th twice at a two-week interval. Virus-specific antibody titers and splenocyte cytokines were detected two weeks after the boost immunization. Viral loads in lung tissues and turbinates were detected with digital PCR after the immunized mice were challenged with hMPV and influenza virus. Moreover, HE staining was used to observe lung injuries.@*Results@#Specific antibodies against both the influenza virus and hMPV were induced in mice immunized intranasally with rFLU/hMPV/B, while the influenza virus-specific antibody response and hMPV-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte response (significant IFN-γ secretion) were detected in mice immunized with rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th. Additionally, balanced Th1/Th2 responses were elicited by rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th. Both rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th conveyed effective protection against subsequent influenza virus and hMPV challenges with significantly alleviated histopathological damages and reduced viral loads.@*Conclusions@#Both rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th can induce specific humoral immune response against hMPV and/or the influenza virus. Moreover, rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th can also elicit hMPV-specific CTL immune response. These two recombinant strains can also protect BALB/c mice from the challenges with hMPV and influenza virus, suggesting that they are promising vaccine candidates.

Protection against human metapneumovirus ( hMPV) conveyed by influenza virus vectors carrying multiple epitope antigens of hMPV / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To evaluate the immune responses and protection against human metapneu-movirus ( hMPV) conveyed by influenza virus vectors carrying multiple epitope antigens of hMPV. Methods Two recombinant influenza viruses ( rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+Th ) carrying hMPV multi-epitope gene segments in NS gene were generated by reverse genetic techniques of eight-plasmid system. BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally with rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+Th twice at a two-week interval. Virus-specific antibody titers and splenocyte cytokines were detected two weeks after the boost immunization. Viral loads in lung tissues and turbinates were detected with digital PCR after the immunized mice were challenged with hMPV and influenza virus. Moreover, HE staining was used to observe lung inju-ries. Results Specific antibodies against both the influenza virus and hMPV were induced in mice immu-nized intranasally with rFLU/hMPV/B, while the influenza virus-specific antibody response and hMPV-spe-cific cytotoxic lymphocyte response ( significant IFN-γ secretion ) were detected in mice immunized with rFLU/hMPV/CTL+Th. Additionally, balanced Th1/Th2 responses were elicited by rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+Th. Both rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+Th conveyed effective protection against subsequent influenza virus and hMPV challenges with significantly alleviated histopathological dama-ges and reduced viral loads. Conclusions Both rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+Th can induce spe-cific humoral immune response against hMPV and/or the influenza virus. Moreover, rFLU/hMPV/CTL+Th can also elicit hMPV-specific CTL immune response. These two recombinant strains can also protect BALB/c mice from the challenges with hMPV and influenza virus, suggesting that they are promising vaccine candi-dates.

Effects of five proteins secreted by Chlamydia trachomatis on phagocytosis of mouse macrophages and dendritic cells / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To analyze the effects of five proteins secreted by Chlamydia trachomatis on the phagocytosis of macrophages and dendritic cells derived from bone marrow cells of C3H/HeJ mice. Methods Glutathione S-transferase ( GST)-CT311, GST-GIgA, GST-cHtrA, GST-OmcBc and GST-Pgp3 proteins were prepared through an Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system and purified by GST Mag-Beads. Chlamydia membrane protein GST-IncA was also prepared as a control. Proteins of interest were ob-tained by cleaving off GST-tag with PreScission protease. Macrophages (MΦ) and dendritic cells (DC) were prepared from bone marrow cells of C3H/HeJ mice and pretreated with either 100 μg/ml or 500 μg/ml of the above proteins. LPS was used as a control to testify the specificity of the proteins' functions. Four hours after pretreatment,fluorescent beads were added to culture media to evaluate the changes in phagocytosis with direct immunofluorescence assay. Results LPS and low concentration (100 μg/ml) of these proteins had no significant influence on the phagocytosis of DC and MΦ,while high concentration (500 μg/ml) of Pgp3, cHtrA and CT311 could significantly promote the phagocytosis of DC and MΦ. Conclusion Pgp3, cHtrA and CT311 can promote the in vitro phagocytosis of DC and MΦ,which may facilitate the in vivo dissemina-tion of Chlamyida trachomatis.

Detection of EGFR and COX-2 expression by immunohistochemical method on a tissue microarray section in lung cancer and biological significance / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which can regulate growth, invasion and metastasis of tumor through relevant signaling pathway, have been detected in a variety of solid tumors. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological significance of EGFR and COX-2 expression in lung cancer and the relationship between them.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of EGFR and COX-2 was detected in 89 primary lung cancer tissues, 12 premalignant lesions, 12 lymph node metastases, and 10 normal lung tissues as the control by immunohistochemical method on a tissue microarray section.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EGFR protein was detectable in 59.6%, 41.7%, and 66.7% of primary lung cancer tissues, premalignant lesions and lymph node metastases, respectively; COX-2 protein was detectable in 52.8%, 41.7%, and 66.7% of primary lung cancer tissues, premalignant lesions and lymph node metastases, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control (P < 0.05). The positive ratios and the levels of the expression of EGFR and COX-2 proteins were closely related to histological type, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis of lung cancer (P < 0.05), but not to histological grade, sex and age (P > 0.05). COX-2 expression was related to gross type (P < 0.05). A highly positive correlation was observed between EGFR and COX-2 expression (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Overexpression of EGFR and COX-2 may play an important role in the tumorgenesis, progression and malignancy of lung cancer. Detection of EGFR and COX-2 expression might be helpful to diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer.</p>

Expressions of EphB4 and HIF-1α in human lung cancer and their significances / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>It has been proved that EphB4 and HIF-1α are closely related to the oncogenesis and development of lung cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological significances of EphB4 and HIF-1α in lung cancer and their relationship with each other.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of EphB4 and HIF-1α was detected in 54 lung cancer tissues and 10 normal lung tissues as control by immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EphB4 and HIF-1α proteins were detectable in 50.0% and 42.6% of all 54 lung cancer tissues respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control (P < 0.05); the positive ratios and the levels of the expressions of EphB4 and HIF-1α proteins were closely related to gross types, differentiations and clinical stages (P < 0.05), but not to histological classification, age, sex and lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05). A highly positive correlation was observed between EphB4 and HIF-1α expression (P < 0.01 ).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Overexpression of EphB4 and HIF-1α may play an important role in the pathogenesis, progression and malignant degree of lung cancer. Detection of EphB4 and HIF-1α expression might be helpful to predict prognosis of patients with lung cancer.</p>

Expression of KAI1 protein in tissue microarray and its biological significances in patients with lung cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>KAI1 is a new identified metastasis-suppressor gene whose expression in many types of tumors has been reported. The aim of study is to investigate the role of KAI1 protein in development of lung cancer and its values in predicting the prognosis of lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expressions of KAI1 protein were detected in benign pulmonary disease tissue, precancerous disease tissue, lung cancer tissue and metastatic lung cancer tissue in local lymph node using tissue microarray and immunohistochemical method. The relationship between expression of KAI1 protein and clinicopathological parameters of patients with lung cancer was analyzed by Chi-Square test and Fisher exact test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of KAI1 expression was 100.0% in 10 cases of benign pulmonary diseases, 66.7% in 12 cases of precancerous diseases, 24.7% in 89 cases of primary lung cancer and 0 in metastatic lung cancer tissue in local lymph node respectively. The KAI1 protein expression in primary lung cancer tissues had no remarkable relationship with age and gender of the patients and the location of cancer, but had significant relationship with the histological type and differentiated degree of tumor, P-TNM stages and lymph node metastatic status.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The abnormal expression of KAI1 protein may participate in malignant progression of lung cancer. Its downregulation may promote the invasion and metastasis of tumor cell. Detection of the expression of KAI1 protein may be helpful to predict the prognosis of lung cancer.</p>

Relationship between the expression of E-cadherin and MVD and its significance in lung cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To study the relationship between the expression of E-cadherin and MVD in lung cancer and its significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expressions of E-cadherin and factor VIII were detected in 104 lung cancer tissues by immunohistochemical method, and MVD was calculated by image analysis system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of E-cadherin was significantly related to the differentiation of lung cancer (P < 0.05). A negative correlation was observed between E-cadherin expression and MVD in lung cancer tissues (P= 0.047).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Downexpression of E-cadherin and increase of MVD may play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer, and may also be used as a useful marker for tumor prognosis.</p>

Pathologic diagnosis of transplantation liver puncture biopsy: clinicopathologic analysis of 906 cases/times / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To explore the histological morphological features of complications following liver transplantation. Methods In 639 patients with complications following liver transplantation, the percutaneous liver biopsy tissues were stained by HE method. Van Gieson, Masson, PAS, reticulin and immunohistochemical staining were performed. HBsAg, HBcAg, HCVAg, CMV-EA, CMV-LA, CMV pp65, EBVAg and the expression of CK19 were detected. The rejection was graded according to Banff standard and scored with RAI.Results 906 times of liver biopsies in 639 cases were performed. Acute cellular rejection (ACR) was most commonly seen in 386 cases ( 42.61 %), followed by complication of biliary tract (251 cases, 27.70 %), drug-induced liver damage (72 cases, 7.95 %), CMV infection (55 cases, 6.07 %), infection or recurrence of hepatitis virus (B or C) (45 cases, 4.97 %), ischemia-reperfusion injury (42 cases, 4.64 %), chronic rejection (32 cases, 3.53 %), obstruction of efferent tract (6 cases, 0.66 %), recurrence of the primary affection (5 cases, 0.55 %), and non-function of live grafts (4 cases, 0.44 %). The complications in 8 cases were difficult to diagnose ( 0.88 %). Compared with the previous report of complications, the incidence rate of ACR was decreased and that of complication of biliary tract and drug-induced liver damage increased in this study. Conclusion Percutaneous liver biopsy is valuable for the diagnosis of complications. It provides the evidence of settling plan of treatment and improves the survival rate.

Expression and significance of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in the infiltration and metastasis of lung cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To determine the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in lung cancer specimens, and to find out the possible roles of MMPs and TIMPs in the infiltration and metastasis of lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 were detected in 104 lung cancer tissues by immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expressions of MMPs and TIMPs were up-regulated in lung cancer tissues. The expression of MMP-2 was related to differentiated degree of tumor cells. MMP-9 correlated with lymph node metastasis of lung cancer. The positive rate of TIMP-1 was related to TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. In lung cancer tissues, there was positive correlation between MMP-2 and TIMP-2, and between MMP-9 and TIMP-2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MMPs and TIMPs may play the important roles in the development of lung cancer. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 might promote the infiltration and metastasis of lung cancer.</p>

Research on IGF-Ⅱprotein expression in lung cancer by tissue microarray / 中国癌症杂志

Purpose:Constructing a high-flux tissue microarray/tissue chip and detecting IGF-Ⅱprotein expression of cases by it, and to determine the correlation between IGF-Ⅱprotein expression and lung cancer. Methods:A series of tissue chips were prepared by using tissue arrayer with samples from lung cancers of different histological classifications. Specimens from 54 cases of lung cancer and 10 cases of normal lung tissues were detected immunohistochemically on a tissue chip for IGF-Ⅱprotein expression and its correlation to clinic-pathological parameters was analyzed statistically. Results:Positive rate of IGF-Ⅱprotein in lung cancer was 42.6%(23/54), which was higher than that of normal lung(0.0%, 0/10, P0.05). Conclusions:IGF-Ⅱprotein might be related to the malignant behaviors of lung cancer. Detecting the expression of IGF-Ⅱ protein probably can predict the prognosis of lung cancer. It is feasible to utilize tissue chip for screening of clinical tissue specimens on a large scale.